The Latin Lindum Colonia shrank in Old English to Lindocolina, then to Lincylene. Germanic tribes from the North Sea area settled Lincolnshire in the 5th to 6th centuries. By the close of the 5th century, it was largely deserted, although some occupation continued under a Praefectus Civitatis – Saint Paulinus visited a man holding this office in Lincoln in 629 CE. Subsequently, the town and its waterways declined. On the basis of a patently corrupt list of British bishops said to have attended the 314 Council of Arles, the city is often seen as having been the capital of the province of Flavia Caesariensis, formed during the late 3rd-century Diocletian Reforms. ![]() It became a flourishing settlement accessible from the sea through the River Trent and through the River Witham. Lindum colonia or more fully, Colonia Domitiana Lindensium, after the then Emperor Domitian, was set up within the walls of the hilltop fortress by extending it with about an equal area, down the hillside to the waterside. The conversion to a colonia occurred when the legion moved on to York ( Eboracum) in 71 CE. Celtic Lindon was later Latinised to Lindum and the title Colonia added when it became settled by army veterans. The Romans conquered this part of Britain in 48 CE and soon built a legionary fortress high on a hill overlooking the natural lake, Brayford Pool, formed by the widening of the River Witham, and the northern end of the Fosse Way Roman road (A46). Lincoln is the largest settlement in Lincolnshire, with the towns of Grimsby second largest and Scunthorpe third. The city hosts the University of Lincoln, Bishop Grosseteste University, Lincoln City F.C. Landmarks include Lincoln Cathedral ( English Gothic architecture for over 200 years the world's tallest building) and the 11th-century Norman Lincoln Castle. Over time its name was shortened to Lincoln, after successive settlements, including by Saxons and Danes. Roman Lindum Colonia developed from an Iron Age settlement of Britons on the River Witham, near the Fosse Way road. The 2011 census gave the urban area of Lincoln, including North Hykeham and Waddington, a population of 115,000, a figure which has been updated to 127,540 with the 2021 census. ![]() ![]() In the 2021 Census, the Lincoln district had a population of 103,813. Lincoln ( / ˈ l ɪ ŋ k ə n/) is a cathedral city and district in Lincolnshire, England, of which it is the county town.
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